Self-Assembled Peptide Based Nanostructure Materials

Maity, Sibaprasad (2012) Self-Assembled Peptide Based Nanostructure Materials. PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata.

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Abstract

As a promising approach to fabricating novel materials and devices on the nanoscale, short peptide self-assembly has been extensively explored over the past few decades. Peptide based scaffolds are very interesting candidates for constructing various nanostructures like nanotube, fibers, porous materials, vesicles and others due to their well-defined structure, biocompatibility, and molecular recognition property. The self-assembled nanostructured materials have versatile applications in nanotechnology and medical technologies such as regenerative medicine and drug delivery systems. On the other hand, peptide molecules have unique self-assembling nature which adopte a variety of supramolecular architectures like supramolecular helix, supramolecular β-sheets, β-turn and others, through noncovelent interactions like H-bonding, π- π interaction, van der walls interactions. This unique nature of short synthetic peptides helps us better understanding the folding nature of proteins as well as biomimic and also self-assembling mechanism to form well-defined nanostructured materials. Previous studies suggested that supramolecular β-sheets and helices have a significant role in the formation of highly ordered self-aggregated amyloid fibrils, which are responsible for various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Prion-related encephalopathies. But, due to noncrystallinity and insolibulity of mature amyloid aggregation, the detail study about the core structure and assembling nature is not possible. So, designing and synthesizing amyloid like fibril forming model peptide is very necessary to understand the detail mechanism of aggregation using the high resolution NMR spectroscopy in solution and X-ray crystallography. The main aim of this thesis was to use synthetic peptides composed of genetically coded and / or noncoded amino acids for studying and unerstanding molecular self-assembly processes of these peptides in supramolecular helices and sheets and to study their further aggregation behavior in forming nanomaterials, amyloid fibrils, gels and their versatile applications.

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